Jean ‘Binta’ Breeze Claimed Madness, Rainbow and Song

In her poem “Red Rebel Song,” Jean ‘Binta’ Breeze created a familiar character sounding a lot like her own self:

“I is de red rebel

woman

accepting I madness

declaring I song

nah siddung eena attic

tek no fire bun

I singing it loud

I singing it long

Think seh I done

well

I jus a come

         I I I own rainbow

         I I I own song”

On August 4, Jean ‘Binta’ Breeze joined the ancestors. She is certainly not done. Death will not silence her song. And her rainbow promise will not fade. Breeze has left a legacy of poems, short stories, scripts for theatre and film as well as numerous recordings of her vibrant performances that will, indeed, endure.  Her exceptional body of work confirms her place as a major figure in Caribbean literature.  From the sturdy roots of dub poetry, Breeze branched out into other literary genres. But she never forgot the power of performance that is such a fundamental element of dub poetry.

Professor Emeritus Mervyn Morris, Poet Laureate of Jamaica from 2014-2017, recounts in Women Of the Word Breeze’s theatrical control of the non-verbal elements of performance:  “Although I’d heard the poem, it was the first time I saw her perform the ‘Mad Woman’s Lament’, ‘Riddym Ravings’. A couple of gestures she made at that time were really astonishing; like a gesture, a sudden gesture for sort of putting the plug back in.  It was really alarming you could feel everybody freeze at that moment.  Obviously that kind of detail, I think, is very carefully calculated.”

THE MAD WOMAN IN THE ATTIC

Born in Patty Hill, Hanover in 1956, Breeze learned quite early the maddening dynamics of colour and class in rural Jamaica.  In an interview with Professor Stewart Brown, himself a poet, Breeze confessed:  “[W]hen I started going to primary school in the sixties I was the brown-skin girl with long hair and if my pencil dropped someone would pick it up for me.”  By the time Breeze got to Rusea’s High School in Lucea, she fully understood that the deference of an anonymous black ‘someone’ to brown skin was an essential element of the demeaning legacy of colonialism in Jamaica. 

It was probably at Rusea’s that Breeze encountered the novel Jane Eyre by the English writer Charlotte Bronte.  There she did ‘A’ level Spanish, Geography and Literature.  In Bronte’s fiction, the Englishman Edward Rochester goes to Jamaica to marry the heiress Bertha Mason for love of her money. Born in the West Indies, Bertha is Creole and not quite white enough.  Treated abominably by Rochester, she succumbs to the madness that, supposedly, runs in her family.  She is taken to England where she is imprisoned in Rochester’s attic.  Bertha sets fire to the house, Rochester is crippled in the blaze and she dies.  In “Red Rebel Song,” Breeze summons the ghost of Bertha in order to distance herself from the suicidal fire in the attic.  She is a survivor.

At Rusea’s, Breeze studied not only Geography but the teacher as well, Brian Breese.  The learning must have been mutual. They married in 1974. Breeze taught at a secondary school in Hanover and also worked with the Jamaica Cultural Development Commission during her marriage. The Breeses had a son, Gareth, who would captain both the Jamaica cricket team and the West Indies Under-19.   He’s now a coach for the England Women’s Cricket Team. The couple separated in 1978.  Breeze would later birth two daughters: Imega, Executive Director of the Private Sector Organisation of Jamaica; and Caribe, UK Head of Digital Marketing at PortfolioMetrix.

RUSEAU’S HIGH SCHOOL, LUCEA

SIGHTING RASTAFARI

Breeze moved to Kingston and enrolled in what was then the Jamaica School of Art to study Drama.  She became part of the emerging dub poetry movement. Her evocative stage name, Breeze, was a lasting gift from her marriage. After a year at Drama school, she retreated to the hills of Clarendon, having sighted Rastafari. Chanting down systems of oppression is a recurring theme In Breeze’s body of work. 

In the short story “Cousin Eva,” Breeze passed judgment on the political elite who have failed to fulfill the useless promise of both Emancipation and Independence:  “All through her tears, she thought of Independence Day, the excitement in the village, and all the school children marching along the road with their new flags and the mugs that had been handed out with the emblem on the side. She still had hers, unused, in the cabinet.  She had thought then that all the people without land would have been given a small piece and a title because, surely, independence meant owning your own land, but no, that didn’t happen, and so she prayed again.”

International Book Fair Organising Committee on stage at Islington Town Hall (1982)
Linton Kwesi Johnson, fourth left
Photo credit: Julian Stapleton

The poet Linton Kwesi Johnson recognised the revolutionary consciousness in Breeze’s “very carefully calculated” performance of her brilliant poetry.  He invited her to participate in the 1985 International Book Fair of Radical Black and Third World Books in London.  Breeze took the festival by storm, launching a stellar career in the UK as a creative writer, actress, lecturer and recording artiste.   But she always wanted to come back home for good.

HEARING VOICES

Breeze’s short story “Return” seems transparently autobiographical: “Somehow, before too many years dreamed by, she was going to find a way home, own a little piece of land with trees and flowers she had planted, build a house where she could live and work. This island couldn’t give birth to her, to the voices she heard inside her head, and then tell her to stillborn them.  Sometimes she could feel them, rusting in her chest and sometimes, in rarer moments, she could spit out a pearl, shined up, from hugging herself too tight.  But she knew something was dying, slowly, in the cold.”  

Breeze did come back to live in Jamaica.  And even though the dreams of her fictional self did not entirely come true, she was at peace in the warmth of her island home.  Exactly one week before she died, Breeze called to give me her new phone number.  And she told me, matter-of-factly, that she’d recently had a nervous breakdown.  I wasn’t alarmed.  Breeze’s head had a way of tekin her.  And she sounded so bright and full of life.

It was Theseus in Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream who mockingly asserted, “The lunatic, the lover and the poet/ Are of Imagination all compact.” In this context, ‘compact’ means joined together. Breeze was a lover and a poet with an extraordinary imagination. She was most certainly not a lunatic even though she did hear voices in her head. Refusing to ‘stillborn’ this insistent chorus, Jean ‘Binta’ Breeze released her songs to the world. They will resonate for generations to come.

BREEZE’S FIRST COLLECTION OF POETRY, RACE TODAY PUBLICATIONS, 1988